Summarise the key changes of the Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the late 18th century, transformed how goods were made and how people lived and worked. Machines powered by steam replaced hand tools, and factories drew workers from the countryside into growing cities. New transportation networks — canals, railways, and steamships — linked markets across continents. The revolution raised living standards over time but also brought harsh working conditions, child labour, and environmental pollution that reformers fought to address.